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Noon Sakinah and Tanween Rules with Examples from Quran

Noon Sakinah and Tanween are among the top rules of tajweed that any Muslim should learn to master Quran recitation.

And to set things clear for you, there are 4 rules you should learn regarding Noon Sakinah or tanween: Idghaam, Ikhfaa, Izhar, and Iqlaab.

In previous posts, we have presented the rule of idgham and Iqlab in detail.

In this article, we’ll delve into all of those rules combined, explain for you each of them with many examples, and exercise from the holy Quran to show you how to apply them but first let’s start with a short definition for Noon Sakinah and Tanween.

What Is Noon Sakinah and Tanween ?

Noon Sakin is the letter Noon with a Sukoon sign over it نْ, for example, مِنْ and عَنْ, and it can be found in the end or the middle of a word.

مِنْ بعد وصيةٍ يُوصى بها أو دَيْن

وَالْأَنْعَامَ خَلَقَهَا ۗ لَكُمْ فِيهَا دِفْءٌ وَمَنَافِعُ وَمِنْهَا تَأْكُلُونَ

Tanween is an noon Sakin that’s pronounced but not written, and it expresses itself through double Dumma, double Fatha, and double kasra, and it comes always at the end of the names only (no verbs or letters)

Examples from the Quran

1)أجراً عظيماً

2)عفواً غفوراً

3)فِيها أَنْهارٌ مِنْ ماءٍ غَيْرِ آسِنٍ

4)عذابٌ أليم.

The Four Rules of Noon Sakin and Tanween

As we mentioned before, there are four conditions for noon sakin and tanween and we’ll go through each of them in details.

1) Idgham

In the Arabic language, It means merging something into another, However, In tajweed terminology, it means a Sakin letter meets a vowel one, so both turn into one letter (Mushadad).

There are four letters for  Idgham:  ي- ر- م- ل- و-ن. and All of them are combined in يرملون

Idgham includes two types

  • Idgham with Ghunna (Incomplete):

It occurs when noon saakin and tanween meets  ي- و-م- ن (combined into ينمو) and it results into a nasal sound.

Listen to those records below any pay attention to the bold letters below

وَمَا بِكُم مِّن نِّعْمَةٍ فَمِنَ اللَّهِ ۖ ثُمَّ إِذَا مَسَّكُمُ الضُّرُّ فَإِلَيْهِ تَجْأَرُونَ

 أَوْ كَصَيِّبٍ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ فِيهِ ظُلُمَاتٌ وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ يَجْعَلُونَ أَصَابِعَهُمْ فِي آذَانِهِمْ مِنَ الصَّوَاعِقِ حَذَرَ الْمَوْتِ ۚ وَاللَّهُ مُحِيطٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ

فَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ خَيْرًا يَرَهُ

وَمَا أَنْتُمْ بِمُعْجِزِينَ فِي الأَرْضِ وَلا فِي السَّمَاءِ وَمَا لَكُمْ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَلِيٍّ وَلا نَصِيرٍ

  • Idgham without Gunna:

It occurs when noon sakin or tanween meets the two letters (ر ، ل), so they combine into one letter without Ghunna.

Listen to those records below any pay attention to the bold letters below

 ذَٰلِكَ الْكِتَابُ لَا رَيْبَ ۛ فِيهِ ۛ هُدًى لِّلْمُتَّقِينَ

 أُولَئِكَ عَلَى هُدًى مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ وَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْمُفْلِحُونَ

Izhar

Izhar in the Arabic language means to show, and in tajweed terminology, it means to pronounce each letter from its articulation point without Ghunna.

There are six letters for Izhar: ء, ه، ع، غ، ح، خ, and they’re called the throatal letters because they’re pronounced from the throat

For applying Izhar, you should pronounce the tanween and noon sakin clearly without ghunna.

For understanding Listen to those records below any pay attention to the bold letters below

اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۚ لَيَجْمَعَنَّكُمْ إِلَىٰ يَوْمِ الْقِيَامَةِ لَا رَيْبَ فِيهِ ۗ وَمَنْ أَصْدَقُ مِنَ اللَّهِ حَدِيثًا

وَهُمْ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْـَٔوْنَ عَنْهُ ۖ وَإِن يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّآ أَنفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ 

وَلَمْ يَكُنْ لَهُ كُفُوًا أَحَد

أَلَيْسَ اللَّهُ بِكَافٍ عَبْدَهُ ۖ وَيُخَوِّفُونَكَ بِالَّذِينَ مِنْ دُونِهِ ۚ وَمَنْ يُضْلِلِ اللَّهُ فَمَا لَهُ مِنْ هَادٍ

سَوَاءٌ عَلَيْهِمْ أَأَنْذَرْتَهُمْ أَمْ لَمْ تُنْذِرْهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

نَارٌ حَامِيَةٌ 

أَوْ خَلْقًا مِّمَّا يَكْبُرُ فِي صُدُورِكُمْ ۚ فَسَيَقُولُونَ مَن يُعِيدُنَا ۖ قُلِ الَّذِي فَطَرَكُمْ أَوَّلَ مَرَّةٍ ۚ فَسَيُنْغِضُونَ إِلَيْكَ رُءُوسَهُمْ وَيَقُولُونَ مَتَىٰ هُوَ ۖ قُلْ عَسَىٰ أَن يَكُونَ قَرِيبًا 

وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ خَاشِعَةٌ

Ikhfa

Ikhfa in the Arabic language means to hide or conceal, and it’s a middle state between Izhar and Idghaam, regarding that Ghunna apparent on the concealed letter.

There are 15 letters, when followed by Noon sakin or tanween, this rule’d be applied. Those letters are

ص، ذ، ث، ك، ج، ش، ق، س، د، ط، ز، ف، ت، ق، ض، ظ

And those letters constitues the initial letters in the words of this rhyem

صف ذا ثـنا كم جاد شخص قد سـمادم طيبا زد فـي تقى ضـع ظـالما

When concealing noon Sakin or tanween, the artiuclation point for the letter ن (the upper edge of the tongue with the upper gum) changes to somewhere closed to the artiuclation point for the letter followed it. In other words , the reciter make some gap between the tongue edge and the upper gum),

For understanding this rule, Listen to those records below any pay attention to the bold letters below. (Notice that Ghunna is stretched to two movements If the concealed letter is heavy, and lightened it if the letter is light.

إِنَّهُ كَانَ مَنْصُوراً

إِنَّ لَدَيْنَا أَنكَـالاً وَجَحِيماً

وَأَمَّا عَادٌ فَـأُهْلِكُوا بِرِيحٍ صَرْصَرٍ عَـاتِيَةٍ

مَّن ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللّهَ قَرْضاً حَسَنـاً فَـيُضَاعِفَهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافاً كَثِيرَةً 

وَلَئِنْ أَذَقْنَا الإِنْسَانَ مِنَّا رَحْمَةً ثُـمَّ نَزَعْنَاهَا مِنْهُ إِنَّهُ لَيَؤُوسٌ كَـفُورٌ

وَقَالُواْ لَوْلا أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ مَلَكٌ وَلَوْ أَنزَلْنَا مَلَكاً لَّقُضِيَ الأمْرُ ثُمَّ لاَ يُنظَرُونَ

هَذَا يَوْمُ لَا يَنطِـقُونَ

فَلاَ تَجْعَلُواْ لِلّهِ أَندَاداً وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ

وَمَا مُحَمَّدٌ إِلاَّ رَسُولٌ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهِ الرُّسُلُ أَفَإِن مَّاتَ أَوْ قُتِلَ انقَلَبْتُمْ عَلَى أَعْقَابِكُمْ

وَإِذْ فَرَقْنَا بِكُمُ الْبَحْرَ فَأَنجَيْنَاكُمْ وَأَغْرَقْنَا آلَ فِرْعَوْنَ وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ

لَن تَـنَالُواْ الْبِرَّ حَتَّى تُـنفِـقُواْ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ وَمَا تُنفِقُواْ مِن شَيْءٍ فَإِنَّ اللّهَ بِهِ عَلِيمٌ

اللَّهُ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن ضَعْفٍ ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ ضَعْفٍ قُوَّةً ثُمَّ جَعَلَ مِن بَعْدِ قُوَّةٍ ضَعْفاً وَشَيْبَةً

Iqlab

Iqlab means in language to turn something upside down

And according to tajweed rules, it occurs when the letter ب follows non sakin or tanween, so ب turns into م

Below are many examples in the Quran that explains this rule in practice. Hear the records and notice how ب turns into م after noon sakinah and tanweed.

قَالَ يَا آدَمُ أَنبِئْهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ ۖ فَلَمَّا أَنبَأَهُم بِأَسْمَائِهِمْ قَالَ أَلَمْ أَقُل لَّكُمْ إِنِّي أَعْلَمُ غَيْبَ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَأَعْلَمُ مَا تُبْدُونَ وَمَا كُنتُمْ تَكْتُمُونَ (البقرة، 33)

كَلَّا ۖ لَيُنبَذَنَّ فِي الْحُطَمَةِ (الهمزة، 4)

يُنْبِتُ لَكُمْ بِهِ الزَّرْعَ وَالزَّيْتُونَ وَالنَّخِيلَ وَالْأَعْنَابَ وَمِنْ كُلِّ الثَّمَرَاتِ ۗ إِنَّ فِي ذَٰلِكَ لَآيَةً لِقَوْمٍ يَتَفَكَّرُونَ (النحل، 11)

، وَلَقَدْ جَاءَهُمْ مِنَ الأنْبَاءِ ما فيه مزدجر (القمر، 4)

وَمَا يَنبَغِي لَهُمْ وَمَا يَسْتَطِيعُونَ (الشعراء، 211)

Read more: Reflection on The Broken Letters in The Quran- Huroof-E-Muqatta’at

Exercises About Noon Sakin and Tanween

Now, it’s your turn to look at those five verses below and hear the records then extract all the rules of Noon sakin and tanween into it and explain why this rule is applied.

Remeber that you many find 3-4 rules in one verses, so take your time, hear the records multiple times, before you guess you answer and write it down, the check the right answer after

.وَلَقَدْ أَرْسَلْنَا نُوحًا وَإِبْرَاهِيمَ وَجَعَلْنَا فِي ذُرِّيَّتِهِمَا النُّبُوَّةَ وَالْكِتَابَ ۖ فَمِنْهُم مُّهْتَدٍ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ فَاسِقُونَ  (الحديد، 26)

.هُوَ الَّذِي خَلَقَكُم مِّن تُرَابٍ ثُمَّ مِن نُّطْفَةٍ ثُمَّ مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ ثُمَّ يُخْرِجُكُمْ طِفْلًا ثُمَّ لِتَبْلُغُوا أَشُدَّكُمْ ثُمَّ لِتَكُونُوا شُيُوخًا ۚ وَمِنكُم مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ مِن قَبْلُ ۖ وَلِتَبْلُغُوا أَجَلًا مُّسَمًّى وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (غافر،67)

يا أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ قُلْ لِأَزْوَاجِكَ إِنْ كُنْتُنَّ تُرِدْنَ الْحَيَاةَ الدُّنْيَا وَزِينَتَهَا فَتَعَالَيْنَ أُمَتِّعْكُنَّ وَأُسَرِّحْكُنَّ سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا (الاحزاب،28)

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَفَّاهُمُ الْمَلَائِكَةُ ظَالِمِي أَنفُسِهِمْ قَالُوا فِيمَ كُنتُمْ ۖ قَالُوا كُنَّا مُسْتَضْعَفِينَ فِي الْأَرْضِ ۚ قَالُوا أَلَمْ تَكُنْ أَرْضُ اللَّهِ وَاسِعَةً فَتُهَاجِرُوا فِيهَا ۚ فَأُولَٰئِكَ مَأْوَاهُمْ جَهَنَّمُ ۖ وَسَاءَتْ مَصِيرًا (النساء، 97)

قَالَ آمَنْتُمْ لَهُ قَبْلَ أَنْ آذَنَ لَكُمْ ۖ إِنَّهُ لَكَبِيرُكُمُ الَّذِي عَلَّمَكُمُ السِّحْرَ ۖ فَلَأُقَطِّعَنَّ أَيْدِيَكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ مِنْ خِلَافٍ وَلَأُصَلِّبَنَّكُمْ فِي جُذُوعِ النَّخْلِ وَلَتَعْلَمُنَّ أَيُّنَا أَشَدُّ عَذَابًا وَأَبْقَىٰ (طه،71)

Answers

VerseRuleReason
1Idgham with Gunna:

نُوحًا وَإبراهيم,

مُّهْتَدٍ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌ

وَكَثِيرٌ مِّنْهُمْ
Tanween is followed by the letter و ، م ad both are among the letters of Idghaam
2Ikhfaa .
مِّن تُرَابٍ

طِفْلًا ثُمَّ

مِن قَبْلُ

Idghaam with Ghunna

مِن نُّطْفَةٍ

شُيُوخًا ۚ وَمِنكُم

مَّن يُتَوَفَّىٰ

أَجَلًا مُّسَمًّى

مُّسَمًّى وَلَعَلَّكُمْ

Izhaar:
مِنْ عَلَقَةٍ
Ikhfaa: Noon sakin and tanween is followed by those letters ت ، ث ، ق

Idghaam with Ghunna: Noon sakin and tanween is followed by those letters ن ، و، ي، م

Izhaar: Noon sakin is followed by the letter ع
3Ikhfaa

كُنْتُنَّ

سَرَاحًا جَمِيلًا
Noon sakin and tanween are followed by the letter ت
4Ikhfaa
كُنتُمْ

izhar
تَكُنْ أَرْضُ
Ikhfaa: Noon sakin is followed by the letter ت
izhar: Noon sakin is followed by the letter ء
5Ikhfaa

آمَنْتُمْ
izhar
أَنْ آذَنَ
منْ خِلَافٍ
idhgam with gunna
عَذَابًا وَأَبْقَىٰ
Ikhfaa: Noon sakin is followed by the letter ت
izhar: Noon sakin is followed by the letter أ, خ
idhgam with gunna: Noon sakin is followed by the letter و

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Hope you find this article informative and helpful for you and now you’re able to apply the rules by noticing the letter that comes after Noon Sakinah and Tanween and know the rule that should be applied.

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