How to Apply Iqlab Rule in Tajweed?

Iqlab is one the most important tajweed that’s applied in Noon Sakin and Tanween, like idgham, izhar and Ikhfaa, and learning and applying those rules is necessary for any Muslim, whether he is a child or adult to perfect his recitation for the holy book.

Whether you know this rule or not, don’t worry.

In this article, you’ll learn the meaning of Iqlab, its letters, and how to apply it with a lot of examples and exercises that’ll make understanding this rule so easy for you.

Meaning of Iqlab in Tajweed?

Iqlab (إقلاب in Arabic) means turning something upside down. And in Qura’anic terminology, it means changing the noon sakinah or tanween to meem when there is a letter ب after it

Let’s give you a simple example to set it clear for you

أَلَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلإِ مِن بَـنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ —- >This sentence we’ll be read as لَمْ تَرَ إِلَى الْمَلإِ مِمبَـنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ –

the letter ن in من is turned to م because

1. The noon is sakin (there is a Sukoon sign over it
2. After noon sakin, there is ب, the initial letter in the word بني

وَاللّهُ بَصِيـرٌ بِالْعِبَادِ —- > this sentence we’ll be read as اللّهُ بَصِيـرم بِالْعِبَادِ

Tanween over the word ب is turned to م because

1. there is tanween dumma in بصير
2. After tanween, there is ب, the intial letter in بالعباد

If you’re still confused, don’t worry, we will show you many examples below

Read also: The [Ultimate] Guide to Qalqalah: Examples, Rules, and Letters

Letters of Iqlaab

Iqlab only occurs at the tanween or Noon Sakin that is followed by the letter ب, and in this case, ب turns into م

Their reason for Iqlaab, in this case, is it’s not easy to pronounce ب fully or merge it into noon because the articulation point for the letter ن is different from the articulation point for ب.

For facilitating reading, ن is turned into م for both م and ب share the same articulation point (Makhraj) and they’re pronounced by tightening the two lips together,

And You’ll find a distinctive sign in the Qur’an for the Iqlab rule which is a little Meen above the letter noon or tanween/

Iqlab in Tanween and Noon Sakin

There are two types of Iqlab in the case for noon sakin

1. In the middle of the word like أنْ بورك —–> turns into أمبورك
2. Between two different words like منْ بعد—–> turns into مِمبعد

While in the case of tanween the noon turns into meem in all the cases for tanween: Fatha, Kasra, Dumma, look at those examples below

•  وَاللّهُ عَلِيممبِـالظَّالِمِينَ———————–> عَلِيمٌ بِـالظَّالِمِينَ
• كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعمبِـالنَّاصِيَةِ———–كَلَّا لَئِن لَّمْ يَنتَهِ لَنَسْفَعاً بِـالنَّاصِيَةِ
• زَوْجمبَهِيجٍ———————————-> زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ

Note: when pronouncing Iqlab, turn noon in meem by separating your lips a little bit, then stretch Ghunna for the letter meem by two movements (Harakat)

Examples of Iqlab in The Quran

Below are examples of the Quranic verses Notices that how noon sakin or tanween turns into meeem if followed by the letter ب

Now It’s Your Turn

Read those examples for Quranic verses and listen to them to notice the Iqlab rule in a practical way. Try to figure out which words followed this rule, then verify your answers below.

1) (أَمَّن يَهْدِيكُمْ فِي ظُلُمَاتِ الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِ وَمَن يُرْسِلُ الرِّيَاحَ بُشْرًا بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَحْمَتِهِ ۗ أَإِلَٰهٌ مَّعَ اللَّهِ ۚ تَعَالَى اللَّهُ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ (النمل، 63

2)فلما أن أراد أن يبطش بالذي هو عدو لهما قال يا موسى أتريد أن تقتلني كما قتلت نفسا بالأمس إن تريد إلا أن تكون جبارا في الأرض وما تريد أن تكون من المصلحين ( القصص، 19 )

3)فكلا أخذنا بذنبه فمنهم من أرسلنا عليه حاصبا ومنهم من أخذته الصيحة ومنهم من خسفنا به الأرض ومنهم من أغرقنا وما كان الله ليظلمهم ولكن كانوا أنفسهم يظلمون (العنكبوت، 40)

4) (العنكبوت، 49) بَلْ هُوَ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ فِي صُدُورِ الَّذِينَ أُوتُوا الْعِلْمَ ۚ وَمَا يَجْحَدُ بِآيَاتِنَا إِلَّا الظَّالِمُونَ

5) وَإِذَا أَذَقْنَا النَّاسَ رَحْمَةً فَرِحُوا بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ (الروم، 36)

6) إِنَّ اللَّهَ عِندَهُ عِلْمُ السَّاعَةِ وَيُنَزِّلُ الْغَيْثَ وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي الْأَرْحَامِ ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ مَّاذَا تَكْسِبُ غَدًا ۖ وَمَا تَدْرِي نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ أَرْضٍ تَمُوتُ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ عَلِيمٌ خَبِيرٌ [ لقمان: 34]

7) أَمَّا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ فَلَهُمْ جَنَّاتُ الْمَأْوَىٰ نُزُلًا بِمَا كَانُوا يَعْمَلُونَ السجدة،19

8) يَحْسَبُونَ الْأَحْزَابَ لَمْ يَذْهَبُوا ۖ وَإِنْ يَأْتِ الْأَحْزَابُ يَوَدُّوا لَوْ أَنَّهُمْ بَادُونَ فِي الْأَعْرَابِ يَسْأَلُونَ عَنْ أَنْبَائِكُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كَانُوا فِيكُمْ مَا قَاتَلُوا إِلَّا قَلِيلًا الاحزاب،20)

9)ثُمَّ أَوْرَثْنَا الْكِتَابَ الَّذِينَ اصْطَفَيْنَا مِنْ عِبَادِنَا ۖ فَمِنْهُمْ ظَالِمٌ لِنَفْسِهِ وَمِنْهُمْ مُقْتَصِدٌ وَمِنْهُمْ سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ بِإِذْنِ اللَّهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ هُوَ الْفَضْلُ الْكَبِير (فاطر،32)

10) أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ مَاءً فَأَخْرَجْنَا بِهِ ثَمَرَاتٍ مُخْتَلِفًا أَلْوَانُهَا ۚ وَمِنَ الْجِبَالِ جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ وَحُمْرٌ مُخْتَلِفٌ أَلْوَانُهَا وَغَرَابِيبُ سُودٌ (فاطر، 27

Answers

1)بُشْرًا بَيْنَ

2) نفسا بالأمس

3) بذنبه

4) آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ

5) سَيِّئَةٌ بما

6) نَفْسٌ بِأَيِّ

7) نُزُلًا بِمَا

8) أَنْبَائِكُمْ

9) سَابِقٌ بِالْخَيْرَاتِ

10) جُدَدٌ بِيضٌ

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